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The first photos confirming the existence of a second large softshell turtle in Dong Mo Lake, we hope is a small Rafetus. Photo by: Nguyen Van Trong (ATP/IMC)

It has been a long and often tiring road, as conservation efforts for the world’s rarest turtle have been ongoing since 2003, with the Hanoi-based Asian Turtle Program (ATP) of Indo-Myanmar Conservation (IMC), a UK-based conservation charity, conducting surveys throughout 21 provinces in northern Vietnam.

The giant Swinhoe’s Softshell Turtle (Rafetus swinhoei), also known as Hoan Kiem Turtle, is critically endangered; reaching up to 150kg or more in size, it was heavily hunted from the 1970’s until the 1990’s for food, and is believed to be almost extinct in the wild.

Living in wetlands, streams and large rivers in northern Vietnam, southern China and possibly Laos, no surviving populations were known, until, in 2007, the first wild animal was confirmed in Dong Mo Lake on the outskirts of Hanoi. It was a long wait until a second animal was confirmed on the 24th of May 2017 in Xuan Khanh Lake. ATP/IMC is excited about the prospects of a second animal in Dong Mo Lake which could potentially increase the number of known living Swinhoe’s Softshell Turtle to four individuals, with three in Vietnam and one in China.

Fishermen in Dong Mo Lake have long claimed that a second, smaller individual of the species lived in the lake. One large Swinhoe’s Softshell Turtle has regularly been photographed and is the same individual who escaped during a dam break in 2008 which resulted in the rescue and return to the lake of a 69kg individual. The comparison of head markings from good quality photographs have always confirmed that it is the same large individual. But in May 2011, staff of the ATP/IMC, who continuously monitor the lake, did see a softshell turtle that appeared to be smaller than the big turtle that is regularly seen.

The larger well-known individual can be seen clearly in the centre of the image, while the smaller turtle appears behind it in the top left corner. Photo by: Nguyen Van Trong (ATP/IMC).

Although some photographs have been captured of this individual in recent years, the images have not been clear, and some doubt remained if it was only one animal being seen. Finally, on August 20, Nguyen Van Trong, a former fisherman who now works as ATP/IMC local field officer, was able to capture a photo of two large softshell turtles emerged simultaneously. Although they appeared only a few seconds, he was able to capture some amazing pictures.

The well-known large individual sits in the foreground; this animal weighed 69kg in 2008 when captured and could weigh between 100-130kg in 2020. The second animal is seen not far behind and, although not clear enough to see head markings, this also looks to be a large animal that could be 40-50kg in weight.

The ATP/IMC is currently working as part of a Rafetus Alliance, with the Hanoi Fisheries Department, the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), Turtle Survival Alliance (TSA), Global Wildlife Conservation (GWC) and the Centre for Research and Environmental Studies (CRES) to implement a conservation action plan for the species.

A Swinhoe’s softshell turtle (Rafetus swinhoei) that was rescued following a dam break in Dong Mo Lake, Hanoi, Vietnam, in 2008. Photo courtesy of Timothy McCormack/ATP. The Swinhoe’s softshell turtle (Rafetus swinhoei), also called the Red River giant softshell turtle, Shanghai softshell turtle or Yangtze giant softshell turtle, was once known from the Red River in China and Vietnam and from China’s lower Yangtze River floodplain, according to the Turtle Conservation Coalition that recently released a report on the world’s 50 most threatened turtles. The loss of wetland habitats from river damming and infrastructure development, as well poaching for meat and eggs and capture for the pet trade, has reduced the species’ population to just the four known specimens now.

With few other species reaching this size in Vietnam, it gives us good hope that at least two, and possibly more, of these critically endangered Swinhoe’s Softshell Turtles still survive in Dong Mo Lake, although further work is required to confirm this new turtle’s identify.

With a number of other sites already identified by the ATP/IMC in Vietnam, there is hope that additional Swinhoe’s Softshell Turtles can be found, giving more options for the future conservation of the world’s rarest turtle species in Vietnam.

These new photos will boost monitoring efforts at Dong Mo and will hopefully draw more attention to the species./.

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